Lake Sediment and Regional Environment Change Take the lead in regional lake sediment and environment change research in China. So far, the research achievements have been very outstanding, including top international journals, such as Nature, Quaternary Science Review, Holocene, etc, and important monographies, e.g. Lake Records from China and the Palaeoclimate Dynamics. The research results were highly cited by international SCI publications for 358 times, which made significant contributions to international academy. The research achievements awarded the top prize on natural science (CAS) in 1999, and national-level prize in 2006.
	Studies on the mechanisms of lake bottom mud endogenous pollution and the dredging in Taihu Lake
	Although catchment-resource controlling obtained obvious effects after ”Zero-clock Action” in Lake Taihu, the lake water was still kept a high pollution level. Thus mechanisms of inner-resource pollution of the lake became a hot point in academic community. The program creatively studied the sediment re-suspending concepts under both static and dynamic states, estimated the annual loading flux of the endogens nutrients, established approaches of re-producing processes of newly-surface pollutants and inner-resource loading relationships, and provided the method, an intellectual copyright by our own, for the depth determining of lake bottom mud dredge up and risk evaluation system in ecological environments of the sediment drainage. These products provided solid theory-basis for pollutant treatments of the lake bottom pollution. We hosted the international symposium of “Eutrophication and pollution controlling for large-shallow lakes”, awarded four innovation-patent and practise-patents, and published 121 high-quality science papers including 9 SCI papers and two monographers of “Water environmental pollution and control of Taihu Lake” and “Water environmental evolution processes and mechanisms of Taihu Lake”. The products have been obtained the second-class “Awards of science-technique progresses of Jiangsu Province”.
	The four-phase development theory on the process of the cyanobacteria bloom-forming and the cyanobacteria bloom forecast in Taihu Lake
	We raised the four-phase development theory on the process of the cyanobacteria bloom-forming: dormancy in winter, recruitment in spring, growth and float to the water surface in summer and sink to the sediment in autumn, and there are different factors that will influence the status of algae in different phases. Moreover, we pointed out that cyanobacteria bloom in specifically lake regions was not the result of breaking out of the biomass of algae in a short time, but the results of dominated cyanobacteria floating and accumulating to the water surface under appropriate hydrological and meteorological conditions. Furthermore, we made clear the temperature threshold value of 9oC－12oC for cyanobacteria recruitment from sediment surface in Taihu lake and the relationship between the accumulated temperature and recruitment sizes; illustrated the contribution of Microcystis colonial size and light utility strategies to forming of its dominance; counted quantificationally the horizontal transport fluxes between different lake regions; and ascertained the wind speed threshold value of 3m/s in for cyanobacteria floating; built the quantitative remote sensing inversion model of chlorophyll-a, phycocyanobilin concentration and temperature in shallow lakes and developed the technology of divisional location of cyanobacteria bloom. On the base of the theory and the relative findings, we analyzed the reason of cyanobacteria cosmically breaking out in advance in 2007, executed the 72-hour forecast of cyanobacteria bloom in Taihu Lake and the accuracy of 24-hour forecast was up to 80%, which contributed greatly to bloom control and water quality safeguard in water resource area. We also analyzed the 2008’s trend of cyanobacteria bloom in Taihu Lake at the end of 2007, and raised the ideology of bloom prevention which explored the possibility of controlling cyanobacteria bloom in dormancy and recruitment periods when the algae was relative weak. The current achievements in the research have published 63 papers including 31 SCI journal papers, which were totally cited for 281 times and the highest citation by SCI papers was up to 40 times.
	Studies on lake physical processes and environmental dynamics
	Aimed to lake water physical characters, the program studied lake hydrology in variations and patterns of the currents and waves, established and improved models of lake thermal-dynamics, revealed spatio-temporal variations of lake nutrients and various biomes under the thermal-dynamics, recognized processes and mechanisms of re-suspending of lake bottom sediments under the water dynamics, and provided scientific parameters for improving the lake water environmental quality and recovering ecological natures; which creatively developed the dynamical theory of lake environments. We published 105 science papers and 5 monographs which has become a dominant branch in lake environmental dynamic sciences. The products have been applied by the Lake Taihu Administration of the National Hydraulics Ministry and other departments.
	Evolutional mechanisms and regulating-control of flood disasters in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River
	Aimed to frequency occurrences of flooding disasters in the middle-lower reaches of the Changjiang River and to serious damages of “small flood causing great disaster” in national economy and the people’s livelihood, the program studied the changes of land use and land coverage, lake volumes changes, lake-river relationships as well as the impacts of globe warming on hydrological processes and flooding disasters of the Changjiang River. The program provided strategy of disaster reduction. The research results were published in international journals of hydrology and climatelogy, and were applied by the IPCC fourth report of influence, adaptation and reducing strategy (TAR). The publications contain 143 papers including 17 SCI cited papers and seven EI cited papers, and three monographs of “Water environments and disasters in economy development of Taihui Lake Catchment”, “Introduction of synthesis administration of lake catchment” and “Climate change and Changjiang Floods”.